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The date is a small window on the dial which indicates the day of the month (between 1 and 31).
Watches featuring a retrograde date have their hands moving across a scale which at the end of their cycle, return immediately to zero to start again.
The dead seconds is a hand that jumps forward when the second has elapsed. Generally the jump of the second hand is a distinctive feature of a quartz watch but in mechanical watchmaking, this function is a technical feat.